Assessment of clinical and radiographic peri­implant parameters in the obese and non-obese, along with destructive pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß - and IL-6 in patients treated with Photodynamic therapy.

AIM: The present study aims to compare and evaluate radiographic and clinical parameters along with salivary proinflammatory cytokine profiles (IL-1ß - and IL-6) in the obese with peri­implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Obese and non-obese participants in the present study were 80. The nonobese and obese participants were scrutinized based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants both obese and non-obese were subjected to full mouth mechanical debridement (MD). A single session of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was provided to all obese participants. Clinical peri­implant parameters peri­implant plaque index (PIPI), Peri-implant bleeding on probing (PIBoP), peri­implant probing depth (PIPD) were assessed at baseline, three months, and six months. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was also assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to check the levels of IL-1ß - and IL-6 in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All the parameters were assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Clinical baseline periodontal parameters PIPI, PIBoP, PIPD, and MBL in non-obese participants were significantly lower compared to group I obese participants at baseline (p < 0.05). At 3 months follow-up PDT adjunct to MD in group 1 obese participants PIPI and PIPD were significantly lower compared to MD alone in non-obese participants PIP1 and PIPD. At 6 months follow up, non-obese participants with peri­implantitis treated with MD demonstrated PIPI and PIPD significantly lower compared to obese participants treated with PDT adjunct to MD CONCLUSION: PDT adjunctive to MD enhanced periodontal parameters i.e., peri­implant probing depth, peri­implant plaque index, and peri­implant bleeding on probing in obese with peri­implantitis. Moreover, obese individuals with peri­implantitis demonstrated high levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 than control.

Ameliorative effects of ribes rubrum oil against gastric ulcers caused by indomethacin in experimental models.

The objective of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of ribes rubrum oil at three different doses (5, 10 and 15 ml/kg b.w/day) in adult male albino rats with indomethacin-induced stomach ulcers (IND). Forty rats (135 ± 5 g) categorized into 5 groups (n = 8), for 45 days. Group (1) normal control, thirty-two rats were gavaged IND as single oral dose (30 mg/Kg b.w) resulted in gastric ulcer, then distributed to four groups, group (2) IND-intoxicated control, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were administrated ribes rubrum oil at levels of (5, 10 & 15 ml/kg b.w) respectively. Administrated levels of ribes rubrum oil found to have remarkable elevation in food conversion efficiency in experimental rats, gastric juice pH, in compared to the drunken control group, gastric prostaglandin E2 and gastric cytochrome P450 reductase levels were lower. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, TNF-, and IL-1 were dramatically reduced, which was related with an increase in blood hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cells (RBCs)in ulcerogenic rats compared to intoxicated control. Data showed that, the main components of ribes rubrum oil are ß-Pinene, γ-linolenic and Linalool oxide levels (25.9%, 23.10% and 10.5%, respectively) for their antioxidant activity. Findings showed that administrate ribes rubrum oil at dose 15 ml/kg followed by 10 ml/kg had the best results against ulcerogenic rats. In conclusion, the outcomes are consistent with the concept that ribes rubrum oil had a gastroprotective and antisecretory effects against gastric ulcer that may be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the oil that ameliorates the damage occur in gastric of rats.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Tools for Health Education Among Diabetic Patients.

Health education is an integral part of self-management programs and an important element for the control and effective management of any chronic disease including diabetes. Patient Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices (KAP) are considered to be the most important factors for assessing the results of health education in patients with diabetes. In order to develop such health education models, it is important to have a validated and reliable tools which asses a diabetic patient's knowledge, attitude and practice. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature on KAP assessment tools regarding health education among diabetic patients. The researchers conducted a systematic literature review using MEDLINE database from 1980 up to 2016. A developed search strategy was conducted by the researchers for MEDLINE and EBESCO. Of the 94 articles identified only 16 articles fully met the inclusion criteria. This review identifies useful assessment tools of KAP regarding health education for diabetic patients which will help to improve strategies in regards to assessing KAP for diabetic patients worldwide. The KAP assessment tools should be: carefully developed, user friendly, evidence-based, valid and reliable.

Knowledge and attitude of Saudi health professions' students regarding patient's bill of rights.

BACKGROUND: Patient's rights are worldwide considerations. Saudi Patient's Bill of Rights (PBR) which was established in 2006 contained 12 items. Lack of knowledge regarding the Saudi PBR limits its implementation in health facilities. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of health professions' students at College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS) Riyadh Saudi Arabia regarding the existence and content of Saudi PBR as well as their attitude toward its ineffectiveness. METHODS: A 3-parts survey was used to collect data from 239 volunteer students participated in the study. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS. RESULTS: RESULTS showed that although the majority of students (96.7%) believe in the ineffectiveness of patient's rights, half (52.3%) of them had perceptual knowledge regarding the existence of Saudi PBR and only 7.9% of them were knowledgeable about some items (1-4 items) of the bill. Privacy and confidentiality of patient was the most common known patient's rights. Students' academic level was not correlated to neither their knowledge regarding the bill existence or its content nor to their attitude toward the bill. The majority of the students (93%) reported that only one course within their curriculum was patient's rights-course related. About one quarter (23.4%) of the students reported that teaching staff used to mention patient's rights in their teaching sessions. CONCLUSION: The Saudi health professions students at CAMS have positive attitude toward the ineffectiveness of patient's rights nevertheless they showed limited knowledge regarding the existence of Saudi PBR and its contents. CAMS curriculums do not support the subject of patient's rights.